The Cold War - The Early Years

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Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War from ABC-CLIO. Use pages 794-799 in Creating America and “The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO to develop a complete description for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War. This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.

THE YALTA CONFERENCE Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections United Nations will be formed USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly" the roots of the Cold War are established	yalta.jpg
un.gif	THE UNITED NATIONS Established during the aftermath of WWII Created in the hopes of stabilizing relations with foreign nations as well as produce a solid foundation for peace Served as a watchdog for the world for 50 years plus
CONTAINMENT** Truman Administration's chief plan during the Cold War Goal was to stop Communism throughout Contained through military and nonmilitary (economic, political, diplomatic methods etc.) strategies Also used to prevent an unkind country from cultivating to much land and limit a country's ideological influences and beliefs	kennan.jpg
truman.jpg	THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE Following the establishment of containment, Truman instituted the Truman Doctrine Assured aid to those struggling to resist threats to their democratic liberties, particularly nations such as Greece and Turkey Used to limit the spread of Communism and suggested we supported anti-communism Believed the Soviet Union was responsible for financing communist forces Laid groundwork for the Marshall Plan Formed the backbone to our Cold War policy and led to conflict between nations ie. Korean and Vietnam Wars
THE MARSHALL PLAN A plan to resurrect European economies after WWII Named for Secretary of State George Marshall Gave $13 bil. to assist countries in southern and western Europe Helped to rebuild these nations Also used to limit Soviet rule and influence, as well as boost the U.S. economy due to the fact that the aid would be returned as orders for American goods Became a model for foreign policy throughout the Cold War as it showed a direct link between economic development through the help of aids and "pro-Western political stability"	marshall.jpg
airlift.jpg	THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT Allies agreed to divide Germany into four temporary zones in 1945 Decided to merge the zones in 1948 to form a democratic country Due to the fact that Berlin lied in the middle of Soviet territory, it became the an isolated democratic nation completely surrounded by communist areas Soviet Union blockaded all routes to Western Berlin in attempts to push out the Allies Truman responded by giving approval to the Berlin AIrlift, in which planes stocked with supplies including food, fuel, and other equipment would be sent to Berlin to aid the citizens Stalin called off the blockade almost a year after the planes began to fly in Resulted in the division of Germany, creating communist East Germany and West Germany which was a democracy
NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT After Berlin, the U.S. and our European allies became nervous over Soviet and communist control over all of Europe Formed NATO with other nations including Canada and countries in West Europe NATO was founded on the principle that a nation would treat an attack of another allied nation as if the country itself was being attacked too Offered a threat due to our nuclear weapons and military strength In response, the Soviets and their allies (European nations such as Hungary and Czechoslovakia) formed the Warsaw Pact	nato.png
19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg	THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC U.S. citizens became increasingly worried about the prospect of communism growing within America Ethel and Julius Rosenberg's trial made such fears more apparent and justifiable Julius Rosenberg was accused of passing messages to the Russians and was sentenced to five years in prison Both were part of the American Communist party and after the initial conviction, both were tried for passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union; ultimately, the two were found guilty and were executed Anti-communists formed the HUAC, which targeted actors, directors, filmmakers etc. and accused them of having ties to communism Led to blacklists when such information traveled through Hollywood and tarnished the careers of such individuals
COMMUNISM IN CHINA* Communists defeated Nationalists in a Chinee Civil War U.S. supported the Nationalists Mao Zedong became the new communist leader of China The Nationalist government left for Taiwan; their fall came as a shock to the American population Viewed the takeover as a plot by communists as part of a plan for world domination Blamed the State Department for not stopping the revolution	PRCFounding.jpg
korean67.gif	THE KOREAN WAR No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity
MCCARTHYISM* McCarthy - senator from WI who used the Korean War to fuel America's fear of communism Claimed to have a list of State Department official, all of which he said belonged to the Communist Party; the charges weren't proven, but led to a hunt for Communists and destroyed thousands of careers Mccarthyism was coined as a term which meant "reckless charges against innocent citizens" The Senate held hearings in which McCarthy accused the Army of indulging Communists Army charged him and his staff with improper conduct and he responded with unsupported charges against a lawyer McCarthy faded away after Senate issued a statement criticizing McCarthy and his policies	180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg
1sputnik.jpg	THE SPACE RACE Soviet Union and America began the space race in 1957 Soviet Union launched the first ever space satellite, Sputnik, and sent it into orbit This event signified that the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the United States As Congress set aside billions of dollars to research outer space, scientists raced to launch a satellite of our own Ultimately, America was successful in putting the first man on the moon